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Journal of Paleontology

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A SECTIONING METHOD USING NAIL POLISH FOR OBSERVATION OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF DISK-SHAPED POLYCYSTINE RADIOLARIANS

¹ Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, <ogane@dges.tohoku.ac.jp> and <norinori@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp>,

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	INTRODUCTION

 
EXAMINATIONS OF the internal structures of microfossils provide important information about phylogenetic relationships and growth patterns. The internal structure of microfossils was first observed by sectioning during the late nineteenth century (e.g., Schlumberger, 1893, 1896), and further sectioning methods were developed in the twentieth century (e.g., Hemleben et al., 1977; Kennedy, 1978; Coleman, 1979; Nomura, 1983; Suzuki, 1998).

The internal structure of polycystine radiolarians provided important information on phylogenetic relationships and classification due to the varying internal structures that are characteristic within each family or subfamily (Dumitrica, 1970, 1983, 1985, 1989; Takemura, 1986; Takemura and Nakaseko, 1986; De Wever et al., 2001). An array of disk-shaped polycystine forms that appears to be uniform may in fact contain many different internal structures (Kozlova, 1967a, 1967b; Dumitrica, 1973, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1991; De Wever et al., 2001; Dumitrica and Zügel, 2002). Kozlova (1967a, 1967b) studied the internal structure of the family Porodiscidae, the initial skeleton of which is similar to that of the family Larcoidea. She described three new genera on the basis of internal structure, according to the method detailed by Petrushevskaya and Kozlova (1972). Dumitrica (1973, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1991) and Dumitrica and Zügel (2002) also observed the internal structure of many spumellarian or entactinarian polycystines, including discoidal types.

In these previous studies, disk-shaped polycystine individuals were observed using traditional sectioning methods. Kozlova (1967a, 1967b) examined the internal structure of disk-shaped polycystines by grinding the specimens while they were embedded in Canada balsam. Dumitrica (1970, 1973, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1991), De Wever . . . [Full Text of this Article]