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Journal of Paleontology; January 1968; v. 42; no. 1; p. 214-229
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Post-Paleozoic adaptive radiation of infaunal bivalve molluscs; a consequence of mantle fusion and siphon formation

Steven M. Stanley

The Bivalvia have undergone two principal adaptive radiations since their appearance in the Ordovician. The initial early Paleozoic radiation gave rise to epifaunal and primitive infaunal groups. The second radiation, during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, gave rise to 15 new infaunal superfamilies, all siphon-feeding groups. Most new siphonate taxa were eulamellibranch heterodonts and possessed crossed-lamellar shell structure. They probably descended from a non-siphonate Paleozoic group with similar features, such as the Astartacea. Their post-Paleozoic radiation was a consequence of mantle fusion and siphon formation, which opened the way for the occupation of many new infaunal ways of life that had been inaccessible to Paleozoic bivalve and brachiopod groups.

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